Guide

Stivini-edge

Contents

Overview
Visualizations
Schematics
Abbreviations

This guide is accessible both on the front page of the site
and within the visualizations under the button labelled Tips in the upper-right corner of the screen.

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Overview

POPP: Parsing Ottaviano Petrucci’s Prints comprises two websites containing different configurations of materials:

Laboratory

The Laboratory contains information regarding a wide variety of materials, from people who lived at the time of Isabella d’Este, to the noble courts of northern Italy, to letters and other documents concerning music and musicians, to the frottola books printed by Ottaviano Petrucci, Andrea Antico, and others, to secondary literature about Petrucci’s frottola books, to individual songs. Visualizations at this site are designed to provide context for understanding frottole and music at the Gonzaga court in Mantua. Thus, you will find timelines, maps, and information about the contents of various materials: printed books, letters, CDs, song texts, etc. This is where you will find transcriptions and synopses of letters, and side-by-side comparisons of different frottola poems.

Repertory

Repertory contains analytical information about frottole and poesia per musica. Here you will find information and visualizations about music analysis, poetic analysis, and aids in helping musicians find repertory to perform. This is also where you will find transcriptions of frottole, together with – when available – translations and synchronized recordings of performances.

Visualizations

POPP: Parsing Ottaviano Petrucci’s Prints uses a variety of visualizations: Card Galleries, Facet Browsers, Facet Flows, Timelines, Maps, and Synchronized Transcriptions. Visualizations render information only when you interact with them, so hover over different parts of the screen, drag things around the screen, and click items on the screen. Explore thoroughly and you will find that you can summon all kinds of information!

Card Galleries

Book Design graphic

Card Galleries allow you to sort and filter all the records that have been entered into the site. For the main Repertory Card Gallery, filters you can apply include genre, source, composer, time signature, and even solfa. The Laboratory Card Gallery encourages filtering by year, week, weekday, contents, and full text. The Sort byFilter by, and Filter Options commands are located in the black taskbar at the top of the screen. Be aware that you can apply only one Sort and one Filter at a time. Whatever happens, you can always reset the Card Gallery to its default by clicking No Filter. The semi-transparent white box at the upper left corner of the screen explains the color-coding for the Card Gallery. You may close this box by clicking its upper right corner. Whenever you would like more information about the item represented on a card, click the card.

Facet Browsers

Melodic concordances screenshot copy

Facet Browsers allow you to apply multiple filters at the same time and to analyse metadata for all records. A column represents a data field, and each line in a column represents metadata contained in that field. Click on a line to find all records containing that same metadata, and click on lines in different columns at once to find all records that share two or more fields of metadata. Notice that the names of the specific records (frottole, letters, books, etc.) appear in the narrow box at the bottom of the screen. Hover over the name of an item, and a bright yellow stripe appears; click the name of the item, and an information window will appear.

To personalize your interaction with the Facet Browser, drag a column by its name from left to right. The metadata in the columns is always ordered alphabetically.

Facet Flows

Facet Flow viz

Facet Flows offer information regarding percentages of records that share the same metadata. Each horizontal line in a Facet Flow represents a data field, and the named segments of the horizontal line represent metadata within that field. Hover over a colored band to see the shared metadata and the percentage of all records in the site that share that same metadata.

To personalize your interaction with the Facet Flow, drag the name of a data field vertically to give it more or less priority within the visualization (you’ll see the color-coding change according to which horizontal line is at the top of the screen). You may also rearrange the order of metadata within a field by dragging it left or right along the horizontal line. Hover over the name of a data field to make the commands <alpha> and <size> appear next to the name. Click either one of these to arrange the metadata along the horizontal line in either alphabetical order or in order by size from largest to smallest. Click again for reverse alphabetical order or to reverse the size from smallest to largest.

Timelines

Timeline - events

POPP: Parsing Ottaviano Petrucci’s Prints has three timelines – one for 16th-century spans of time, which includes not only lifespans but also things like the period in which Francesco II Gonzaga was imprisoned in Venice, one for 16th-century events – including publication dates of Petrucci’s frottola books, letters, and weddings, and one that includes everything – including secondary literature and recordings up to the present day. You may want to use the fist two timelines in tandem. For example, go to Timeline – Lifespans to discover the dates of Isabella d’Este’s lifetime, then go to Timeline – Events and set the slide filter underneath the timeline to the dates of Isabella d’Este’s lifespan. Notice that Timeline – Events is color-coded by weekday, so you can see on which days of the week letters were written or music books were printed. Timeline – Events is expressed geographically in the Map of Northern Italy.

Maps

Map of Italy

IDEA Music’s map offers a topographical view of Italy, with circular markers that identify events, books, letters, and people by their place of origin. Use the checkboxes in the Collections legend to help unmask markers that may be hidden underneath others. It may take a moment to accustom yourself to the topographical map, which does not show modern highways, train routes, or political boundaries, but it will help you attune to the natural geographic features that formed a large part of 16th-century consciousness. You can zoom in or zoom out using the white buttons at the upper-right corner of the screen.

Synchronized Transcriptions

Synchronized Transcript

Synchronized Transcriptions provide a rich resource for learning about the form, performance, poetic analysis, and music analysis of all the frottole in POPP: Parsing Ottaviano Petrucci’s Prints. On the Repertory site, the left transcript renders the text of the frottola, separated into the components of its poetic form. Each line of the left transcript carries a letter in |brackets| indicating the rhyme scheme of the poem. When a translation of the frottola is available, it appears in the right transcript, together with the letter schematics of the musical form.

When we have been able to secure permission to use recordings of frottole for this project, both columns – the transcript and translation – are synchronized to a performance of the frottola. If you would like to jump to a specific moment in the song, just click the timestamp next to the text you want (no more dropping the needle on an LP!). Beneath the transcripts, you will find citations to the source of the frottola, the performance, and the translation, together with any notes that may have been written by the researcher who entered the data record into the project.

At the bottom of the transcript window, when you click the green button labelled Learn more… , it will open a page with an image of the source of the frottola, together with more detailed information about the composition, its appearance in the original source, and secondary literature.

On the Laboratory site, you will find transcriptions and synopses of letters and, for frottole in the Laboratory, the transcriptions offer side-by-side comparisons of related texts in their original languages – risposte, perhaps, or a frottola and a psalm text, etc. As on the Repertory site, you will find a Learn more… button at the bottom of the transcription window, which will lead to a page with further information about the item.

Schematics

Music

Representations of music phrases are given in letters.
Upper-case letters indicate phrases that repeat in both music and poetry.
Lower-case letters indicate phrases where the music repeats, but not the poetry.

Primes and double-primes (b’ or B”) are given when a music phrase is a variation on a phrase that came before. The letter indicates the similarity of phrases; the prime or double-prime indicates the variation. Thus, a common music schematic for a barzelletta is ababcdAB’: two phrases at the start that repeat, but with different words in each stanza (abab), followed by two contrasting phrases (cd), and ending with a ripresa or refrain that recalls the first two phrases (AB’). Upper-case letters are given for the ripresa because both the poetry and music of the ripresa is repeated between stanzas.

Because the frottola repertory contains many variations on basic phrase structures, music analytics have been grouped into categories. One category, for example, is designated ABbC/d~. Within this category, you will find frottole with schematics like ABbCdedefg or ABbCdeeffgh or ABbCdedeef, etc. All begin with a shared ripresa structure of ABbC, followed by stanzas of different configurations. Another common category is ababcd~/R. Frottole in this category begin with a stanza that follows an ababcd structure, followed by a ripresa or refrain. Within this category, you will find frottole with schematics like ababcdeAB’ or ababcdA’ or ababcdAAB’, etc.

Poetry

Syllables per line of poetry are given in numbers.

7 = all lines of the poem have 7 syllables
8 = all lines of the poem have 8 syllables
11 = all lines of the poem have 11 syllables
7.7.7.5 = a poem with four-line stanzas, where the first three lines of a stanza have 7 syllables each and the last line has 5 syllables
7.7.7.4 = a poem with four-line stanzas, where the first three lines  of a stanza have 7 syllables each and the last line has 4 syllables
11.7.7.7.11.11 = a poem with six-line stanzas, where the first, fifth, and sixth lines have 11 syllables and the second, third, and fourth lines have 7 syllables

Rhymes are given in letters.

Upper-case letters indicate lines of 11 syllables. Thus, a typical rhyme scheme for a sonetto, where all lines have 11 syllables, might be ABBAABBACDCDCD or XYYXXYYXZWZWZW. Similarly, a typical rhyme scheme for a strambotto will be ABABABCC or XYXYXYZZ.

Lower-case letters indicate lines of fewer than 11 syllables. Thus, a typical rhyme scheme for a barzelletta, where all lines have 8 syllables, might be ababbaab/cdcddaab/efeffaab. Similarly, a typical rhyme scheme for an oda (7.7.7.5) might be aaaa/bbba/ccca/… . A capitolo usually carries an interlocking rhyme scheme of aba/bcb/cdc/ded/efe/… .

In poems that have more than one stanza, a rhyme scheme will be given that represents all the stanzas, with the letters a and b representing a reference to the first stanza or ripresa: xxxa or XYXYXYZZ  or xyxyya, etc.

Abbreviations

Printed Sources

Bossinensis 1 (1509)

Bossinensis, Franciscus. Tenori e contrabassi intabulati col sopran in canto figurato per cantare e sonar col lauto libro primo. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 27.iii.1509.

Bossinensis 1 (2nd edition 1515)

Bossinensis, Franciscus. Tenori e contrabassi intabulati col sopran in canto figurato per cantare e sonar col lauto libro primo. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, [1515].

Bossinensis 2 (1511)

Bossinensis, Franciscus. Tenori e contrabassi intabulati col sopran in canto figurato per cantar e sonar col lauto libro secundo. Fossombrone: Ottaviano Petrucci, 10.v.1511.

Dalza INTABULATURA 4 (1508)

Dalza, Joanambrosio. Intabulatura de lauto libro quarto. Padoane diverse. Calate a la spagnola. Calate a la taliana. Tastar de corde con li soi recercar drietro. Frottole. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 31.xii.1508.

Petrucci FROTTOLE 1 (1504)

Frottole libro primo. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 28.xi.1504.

Petrucci FROTTOLE 2 (1505)

Frottole libro secondo. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 8.i.1504 [1505].

Petrucci FROTTOLE 2 (2nd edition 1508)

Frottole libro secondo. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 29.i.1507 [1508].

Petrucci FROTTOLE 3 (1505)

Frottole libro tertio. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 6.ii.1504 [1505].

Petrucci FROTTOLE 4 [1505]

Strambotti, Ode, Frottole, Sonetti. Et modo de cantar versi latini e capituli. Libro quarto. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, [1505].

Petrucci FROTTOLE 4 (2nd edition 1507)

Strambotti Ode Frottole Sonetti. Et modo de cantar versi latini e capituli. Libro quarto. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 31.vii.1507.

Petrucci FROTTOLE 5 (1505)

Frottole libro quinto. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 23.xii.1505.

Petrucci FROTTOLE 6 (1506)

Frottole libro sexto. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 5.ii.1505 [1506].

Petrucci FROTTOLE 7 (1507)

Frottole libro septimo. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 6.vi.1507.

Petrucci FROTTOLE 8 (1507)

Frottole libro octauo. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 21.v.1507.

Petrucci FROTTOLE 9 (1509)

Frottole libro nono. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 22.i.1508 [1509].

Petrucci FROTTOLE 10 – not extant.

Petrucci FROTTOLE 11 (1514)

Frottole libro undecimo. Fossombrone: Ottaviano Petrucci, 24.x.1514.

Spinacino INTABULATURA 1 (1507)

Spinacino, Francesco. Intabulatura de lauto libro primo. Venice: Ottaviano Petrucci, 1507.

Manuscript Sources

Berlin Staatsbibliothek MS 22048

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preussischer Kulturbesitz, 22048.

Bologna Civico Museo MS Q18

Bologna, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale G.B. Martini, Q18.

Chicago Newberry MS 107501

Chicago, Newberry Library, 107501. (The Capirola lute book)

Florence BNC MS Banco Rari 230

Florence, Biblioteca nazionale centrale, Banco Rari 230.

Florence BNC MS Banco Rari 337

Florence, Biblioteca nazionale centrale, Banco Rari 337.

Florence BNC MS Magl. XIX.121

Florence, Biblioteca nazionale centrale, Magliabecchiana XIX.121.

Florence BNC MS Magl. XIX.164-167

Florence, Biblioteca nazionale centrale, Magliabecchiana XIX.164-167.

Florence BNC MS Panciatichi 27

Florence, Biblioteca nazionale centrale, Panciatichi 27.

Florence Cons. MS Basevi 2440

Florence, Conservatorio di Musica Luigi Cherubini, Biblioteca, Basevi 2440.

Florence Cons. MS Basevi 2441

Florence, Conservatorio di Musica Luigi Cherubini, Biblioteca, Basevi 2441.

London BL MS Egerton 3051

London, British Library, Egerton 3051.

Milan Trivulziana MS 55

Milan, Biblioteca Trivulziana e Archivio Storico Civico, 55.

Modena Estense MS alpha F.9.9

Modena, Biblioteca Estense, alpha F.9.9.

Munich Staatsbibliothek MS 267

Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Mus.MS.267.

Paris BN MS Vm7.676

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, Départment de la Musique, Rés. Vm7.676.

Rome Casanatense MS 2856

Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense, 2856.